http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_SeeAlthough it is often referred to by the ambiguous term "the Vatican", the Holy See is not the same entity as the Vatican City State, which came into existence only in 1929, while the Holy See dates back to early Christian times. Ambassadors are officially accredited not to the Vatican City State but to "the Holy See", and papal representatives to states and international organizations are recognized as representing the Holy See, not the Vatican City State.From the Italian page on the same matter:
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_della_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano The sovereignity over City of Vatican is due to the Holy See which is an absolute monarchy....................(La sovranità sulla Città del Vaticano spetta alla Santa Sede, che è una monarchia assoluta,)And (in the same page):
Therefor the City of the Vatican is the passive juridical basis/tool of the true juridical international subiect, the Holy See of Rome. Hence it is time to change all that terminology "the crimes of the Vatican...etc.", the "plots of the Vatican...etc.". It is not the Vatican but the Holy See - hence "crimes of the Holy See" and "plots of the Holy See":"...Italy recognizes to the Holy See the full property and the exclusive power and sovereign jurisdiction on the Vatican, as it exists at the present time, with all its pertinences and equipments, creating in such a way the City of the Vatican, for the special finalities and with the forms related to the present treaty..."Lateranesi pacts, 11 Feb 1929( "....L'Italia riconosce alla S. Sede la piena proprietà e la esclusiva potestà e giurisdizione sovrana sul Vaticano, come è attualmente costituito, con tutte le sue pertinenze e dotazioni, creando per tal modo la Città del Vaticano, per gli speciali fini e con le modalità di cui al presente trattato [...] ....")
From the pact between Benito Mussolini and the Holy See:
International law and its origin: Thirty Years' War. Was T.Y.W. the first multinational Counter Reformation massacre aimed also to create an international universal (=catholic) law? The ancestor of U.N.?The Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes) is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church.
As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and speaks for the whole Catholic Church.
It is also recognized by other subjects of international law as a sovereign entity, headed by the Pope, with which diplomatic relations can be maintained.[1]
Although it is often referred to by the ambiguous term "the Vatican", the Holy See is not the same entity as the Vatican City State, which came into existence only in 1929, while the Holy See dates back to early Christian times. Ambassadors are officially accredited not to the Vatican City State but to "the Holy See", and papal representatives to states and international organizations are recognized as representing the Holy See, not the Vatican City State.
While all episcopal sees are "holy", the expression "the Holy See" (without further specification) is normally used in international relations, as a metonym, (as well as in the canon law of the Catholic Church)[2] to refer to the See of Rome viewed as the central government of the Catholic Church. The Holy See as legal person bears many similarities with the crown in the secular Christian monarchies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_public_international_lawAfter the fall of the Roman Empire and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire into independent cities, principalities, kingdoms and nations, for the first time there was a real need for rules of conduct between a large international community. Without an empire or a dominant religious leadership to moderate and direct international dealings, most of Europe looked to Justinian's code of law from the Roman Empire, and the canon law of the Catholic Church for inspiration.
International trade was the real catalyst for the development of objective rules of behavior between states. Without a code of conduct, there was little to guarantee trade or protect the merchants of one state from the actions of another. Economic self-interest drove the evolution of common international trade rules, and most importantly the rules and customs of maritime law.
As international trade, exploration and warfare became more involved and complex, the need for common international customs and practices became even more important. The Hanseatic League of the more than 150 entities in what is now Germany developed many useful international customs, which facilitated trade and communication among other things. The Italian city-states developed diplomatic rules, as they began sending ambassadors to foreign capitals. Treaties—agreements between governments intended to be binding—became a useful tool to protect commerce. The horrors of the Thirty Years' War, meanwhile, created an outcry for rules of combat that would protect civilian communities.
Protestants, Protestant Calvinists and Roman Catholics among the founders of the fundaments of the Roman Catholic religiously inspired Internaltional Law; if Jesus is universal, his image is a good shield to hide the Roman Catholic planetary sword:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Grotius
Hugo Grotius (10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot or Hugo de Groot, worked as a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. He was also a philosopher, theologian, Christian apologist, playwright, and poet.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_VitoriaFrancisco de Vitoria (Francisco de Victoria; c. 1492 – 12 August 1546)[1] was a Spanish Renaissance Roman Catholic philosopher, theologian and jurist, founder of the tradition in philosophy known as the School of Salamanca, noted especially for his contributions to the theory of just war and international law. He is considered the "father of international law".[2] Because of Vitoria's conception of a "republic of the whole world" (res publica totius orbis) he recently has been labeled "founder of global political philosophy".[3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rezFrancisco Suárez (5 January 1548 – 25 September 1617) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement, and generally regarded among the greatest scholastics after Thomas Aquinas.
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
"....and imposes it through his International Maritime Admiralty Law" (video):
--------------------------------------------------(As I have no time, no resources, no money, no support at disposition, it is clear that what I wrote is affected by many errors and uncorrectness. I am not a prostitute lay journalist of this dirty Vatican 'tollerant' regime called 'democracy'. I have not the 51% of the Bank of America supporting my writings. I don't control the Casinò of Ostenda and neither Citroen and Peugeot as the General Superior did at least in 1958. So corrections and additions could appear in the future)