Above image - "The Pope as the Antichrist, signing and selling indulgences, from Luther's 1521 Passional Christi und Antichristi, by Lucas Cranach the Elder[39]" (Wikipedia)In Catholic theology, an indulgence is the full or partial remission of temporal punishment[1] due for sins which have already been forgiven. The indulgence is granted by the Catholic Church after the sinner has confessed and received absolution.[2] The belief is that indulgences draw on the Treasure House of Merit accumulated by Christ's superabundantly meritorious sacrifice on the cross and the virtues and penances of the saints.[3] They are granted for specific good works and prayers.[3]Indulgences replaced the severe penances of the early Church.[3] More exactly, they replaced the shortening of those penances that was allowed at the intercession of those imprisoned and those awaiting martyrdom for the faith.[4]
Abuses in selling and granting indulgences[3] were a major point of contention when Martin Luther initiated the Protestant Reformation (1517).
MARTIN LUTHER REFORMATION
Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest and professor of theology who initiated the Protestant Reformation.[1] Strongly disputing the claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money, he confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo XHoly Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the emperor. in 1520 and the
Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin. His theologypope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge[2] and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.[3]Lutherans. challenged the authority of the Those who identify with Luther's teachings are called
CANON 32 OF COUNCIL OF TRENT
Above image - Council of Prostheses ("man has too short arms to reach God" - by theology doctor Martin Luther); from: http://yimcatholic.blogspot.com/2010/11/because-of-martin-luther-council-of.html
Canon 32. If anyone says that the good works of the one justified are in such manner the gifts of God that they are not also the good merits of him justified; or that the one justified by the good works that he performs by the grace of God and the merit of Jesus Christ (of whom one is a living member), the justified does not truly merit an increase of grace, and eternal life, provided that one dies in the state of grace, the attainment of this eternal life, as well as an increase in glory, let him be anathema.
From: http://www.justforcatholics.org/a14.htm
See also my: http://z13.invisionfree.com/THE_UNHIVED_MIND/index.php?showtopic=34470
Karl Marx. Capital Volume OneChapter Three: Money, Or the Circulation of CommoditiesSECTION 1THE MEASURE OF VALUESThroughout this work, I assume, for the sake of simplicity, gold as the money-commodity.The first chief function of money is to supply commodities with the material for the expression of their values, or to represent their values as magnitudes of the same denomination, qualitatively equal, and quantitatively comparable. It thus serves as a universal measure of value. And only by virtue of this function does gold, the equivalent commodity par excellence, become money.It is not money that renders commodities commensurable. Just the contrary. It is because all commodities, as values, are realised human labour, and therefore commensurable, that their values can be measured by one and the same special commodity, and the latter be converted into the common measure of their values, i.e., into money. Money as a measure of value, is the phenomenal form that must of necessity be assumed by that measure of value which is immanent in commodities, labour-time. [1]From: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch03.htm
QUOTEhttp://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=57212QUOTEVatican commission on China concludes meeting in RomeVatican, Mar. 13, 2008 (CWNews.com) - A special papal commission on the Church in China concluded a 3-day meeting at the Vatican on March 12, after assessing the developments in China since the release of a message by Pope Benedict XVI (bio - news) to the Church there.The Vatican announced that the commission had weighed the response to the papal message, released last May 27. The group-- composed of Vatican officials and representatives of the Chinese hierarchy-- discussed the future of the Church in China and the challenge of evangelization in the world's largest nation.The Vatican announcement indicated that special attention was given to "the Vatican II doctrine on the nature and structure of the Church." That question is particularly critical in China, where Communist party officials have sought to establish control over the Church through the establishment of the Catholic Patriotic Association and the appointment of bishops independent of the Holy See. In recent months the Vatican has reached a tacit agreement with the Beijing regime-- despite the apparent opposition of the Patriotic Association-- that new bishops will be installed only after quiet approval from Rome.From my thread at The Unhived Mind forum - of March 16th, 2008 ("The Olympics should not be called off" said A., Nicolas Through The Mouth Of Dalai Lama.): http://z13.invisionfree.com/THE_UNHIVED_MIND/index.php?showtopic=48116&st=0&The renminbi, or yuan, (the Chinese currency) and the dollar are destined for an inevitable world monetary war. The value of the yuan is at the moment being kept artificially low by the Chinese government to increase exports. This is a manoeuvre that is contested by the West and it brought about a US commercial deficit with China of 250 billion dollars in 2010. In the future it’s possible that they will move from petrol dollars to petrol yuan. China is the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities with 895.6 billion dollars. If it were to sell them, the economy of the stars and stripes would collapse. Right now it’s not worth doing that because of the exports, but the future is uncertain for the request for a new protectionism for the American companies. Chinese shopping for Public Debt and thus for national sovereignty, is also happening in Europe. China has 630 billion euro’s worth of EU stock and it is continuing to buy more as happened last week in Portugal. In Brussels, it is China that is the true European bank.From: http://www.beppegrillo.it/en/2011/01/the_third_world_war.html
